This unit introduces students to the use of recent NAPLAN (National Assessment Program for Literacy and Numeracy) test documents as pedagogical aids to teaching. In particular, students explore how such documents may be used as positive tools for the diagnosis of basic misconceptions in mathematics, and as a vehicle for better teaching and understanding of children’s needs. Aspects of ethical teaching practice are also addressed, particularly in relation to ways in which some teachers may try to maximise good test results.