This unit explores the vital role played by cities in the development of Asian civilisations, from their roles as places of fortification, worship and residences of the indigenous elite, through periods of colonial co-option, to their present-day manifestations as burgeoning mega-cities. While traditional urban planning and infrastructure were based on respect for the environment, today’s Asian mega-cities threaten the sustainability of social, cultural and ecological systems. The course explores the ways in which Asian mega-cities are meeting the challenges of growth and modernisation, contemplates the future of smaller historic cities such as Mandalay (Burma), Luang Prabang (Lao PDR), Angkor Wat (Cambodia), Lhasa (Tibet) and Hanoi (Vietnam), and assesses the ways in which heritage issues are being framed.